He was an engineer graduated from the Ecole Polytechnique of Paris. After his arrival in Russia, in 1810, he was put under the orders of the general governor of Cherson preparing the project for the port of Yevpatoria and the supervision of the construction of the port of Odessa, he was later incorporated to the Institute of the Corps of Engineers in Russia. After the war against Napoleonic France in 1812, and defeated the French, Bazaine returned to St. Petersburg, after being banished.

In 1815 he was in charge of the course of higher mathematics and in 1816 he became part of the Architecture Committee headed by Betancourt, which was in turn in the Committee of Construction and Water Works.

That same year, Betancourt instructed Bazaine to provide the resources needed for the first steamboats, to sail along the Volga. Dominique Bazaine in 1817 published Memoria sobre la teoría del movimiento de los barcos de vapor y sobre sus aplicaciones a la navegación por canales, ríos y afluentes (Memoir on the theory of the motion of steamboats and its application to navigation on canals, rivers and streams) that provided the basis for the use of the new paddle wheel steamboats. In 1821, Betancourt, aided by an excellent group of collaborators, among which was Bazaine, had a prominent role in the design of an ambitious network of waterways.

In 1823 he was commissioned to build a small suspension chain bridge at the Ekaterinhof Imperial Park, southwest of St. Petersburg, and a year later, he became the Director of the Institute of the Corps of Engineers of Ways of Communication, being faithful to the line drawn by his predecessor, impulsing the publication of the Journal des Voies de Communication, conceived by Betancourt.